Founded in 1932 as the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, this Saint Petersburg museum traces how religion emerged and developed. It was created by a decision of the Presidium of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and its first exposition grew out of an anti-religious exhibition that opened in the Winter Palace in 1930. The ethnographer and anthropologist Vladimir Bogoraz, known as Tan, proposed the museum and became its first director.
For most of its history the museum was housed in the former Kazan Cathedral, which it occupied until 2000. In 1991 it was given the house of Count Sergey Yaguzhinsky, a building that later belonged to the Russian imperial Post Office.
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