The Chilean National History Museum occupies the Palacio de la Real Audiencia on Santiago's Plaza de Armas, the building where Chile's first government junta assembled in 1810 to replace the Spanish governor. Also known as the Royal Court Palace or the Palace of the Boxes, it is a Historical Monument of Chile.
The building was constructed between 1804 and 1807 to house the royal courts of justice. It was designed by Juan Goycolea, a pupil of the Italian-born Joaquín Toesca, who designed the nearby La Moneda Palace and the Cathedral's east facade. After independence it was the first meeting place of the new congress, and it remained the seat of government until 1846, when President Manuel Bulnes moved to La Moneda.
The museum was founded in 1911 and has been housed here since 1982, so the building itself is part of the national history on display.
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